Stephy Publishers

  Pregnancy and Women’s Health Care International Journal - (PWHCIJ)| Stephy Publishers Introduction Dyspareunia is a common, but little-known, chronic problem, described as persistent or recurring pain that occurs during sexual intercourse. 1  It is a multifactorial pathology that involves psychological, biological and social factors. The incidence of dyspareunia is difficult to determine because women do not usually resort to consultation. The prevalence is around 10% of women of childbearing age and 45% of postmenopausal women. 2  Estrogen deficiency can lead to vaginal atrophy, the symptoms of which include vaginal dryness as well as dyspareunia, burning, and dysuria; urgent urinary symptoms, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). 3  Dyspareunia can be classified in different ways: depending on the moment in which the pain appeared (primary or secondary), in the situational context (generational or situational) and the one that is most used today in cl...

  Pregnancy and Women’s Health Care International Journal - (PWHCIJ)| Stephy Publishers Abstract In this article, we discuss the strategic measures adopted in Brazil to reduce the high rates of cesarean sections. We present specific programs for both public health and supplementary health and for improving maternal and child health. We hope that these governmental initiatives, coupled with a paradigm shift in the Brazilian society regarding childbirth and women's health, will reduce cesarean section rates in the short and medium run, leading to positive outcomes for maternal and children's health and well-being. Keywords: Cesarean section, Delivery, obstetrics, Quality health care Introduction: Childbirth in a hospital setting seeks to ensure safe healthcare services for women and newborns. The advancement of obstetrics has greatly contributed to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, it has increased the intervention rates for both women and ...