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 Various Aspects of Nursing as A Science and Its Impact on Nursing This paper explores the various aspects of nursing as a science and its impact on nursing since its conception. A review of three major peer reviewed articles1-3 was completed and defined nursing as a science founded on empiric knowledge or scientific knowledge and expanded by nursing theory through the four ways of knowing or epistemology in nursing, nursing conceptual frameworks through nursing theorists, and evidence-based practice (EBP) models for care Chinn and Kramer4 to support nursing practice through educational program development. Key concepts included: interactive training programs, team resuscitation programs, minimum length of time and work hours for new nurse orientation programs, a formalized new graduate nurse program to increase transition scores for new graduate nurse programs. Nursing as a science truly became known and recognized in the 1950’s and expanded in the 1990’s through the introduction...

 Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is Extubation Failure Predictor in Pediatrics? Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of autonomic activity in the regulation of circulation and changes have been associated with several pathological conditions. Aims: The aim of the study was to acess the HRV as a predictor of extubation failure in pediatrics. Methods: In this prospective observational pilot study, we included all consecutive patients from 1 month to 18 years of age who were admitted to the PICU in the ICr-HCFMUSP, São Paulo - Brazil. They were submitted to the spontaneous breathing test (SBT) and evaluated by HRV by the time and frequency domain variables derived from the Polar V800 equipment and the Kubios HRV Standart® program. Results: A total of 36 patients [age 17 (2-216) months; male/female: 20/16; PIM2 3.9 (0.3-45.5); CRP (C-reactive protein) 20.2 (0.1-327); time of mechanical ventilation 5.0 (1.0-64.0) days] were included the study. The main diagnoses were 17...

 Lower IGFBP-1 Plasma Levels in Mothers of Autistic Children IGF-I is an important growth factor and hormone which regulates protein turnover as well as having potent mitogenic and differentiating effects on most cell types.IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) act as carrier proteins and regulators by controlling bioavailability of IGF-I to tissues. We used immune-arrays to measure IGFBP-1in mothers of autistic children and found that the levels were significantly lower than levels in mothers of non-autistic children. IGF has been found to be decreased in autism. We suggest that these low levels are associated with low maternal IGFBP-1. Fetal growth is controlled by genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. The non-genetic elements become increasingly important in the second half of pregnancy and contribute to the natural phenomenon of maternal constraint on the size of the baby, so overriding paternal genetic influences. IGF-I is an important growth factor and hormone which re...

 Research Involving Children and Adolescents in Situations of Violence: Ethical Aspects to be Considered Around the world, an alarming number of children and adolescents experience violence daily. In childhood, traumatic stress experienced early in response to violence can impair brain architecture, immune status, metabolic systems, inflammatory responses, and even genetic structure. Damages resulting from violence are related to major causes of death in adulthood, including non-communicable diseases, HIV, mental and reproductive health problems, and even suicide. Researches that directly involve victims are considered essential tools for the correct dimensioning of the problem and for the planning of actions aimed at facing violence against children and adolescents. It is fundamental to consider the ethical aspects in the design and development of such research conducted in physically, socially and emotionally vulnerable populations. “I hope all the efforts made to create par...

 Nursing Practice Test Remediation: Essential for Nursing Student Success Nursing students will take hundreds of tests throughout their academic career to evaluate their ability to practice safely and effectively as a bedside nurse. However, if such students are to take such tests effectively, they must sufficiently practice and prepare. How should nursing students prepare for their nursing exams? They should prepare for an exam as they would for a driving test to receive licensure. How would the driving student do on their driving test if they only read the driver’s manual or the rules of the road and never sat in the driver’s seat? The driving student would have to get in the driver’s seat of the car and practice truly driving to best prepare. It’s more than reading about the experience of driving. It is about doing it! Likewise, nursing students should implement practice exams before taking actual exams. Practice exams should be taken immediately after the student has received l...