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 Determinants of Re Bleeding and Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients after Variceal Bleeding Approximately 50% of patients with cirrhosis have gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding (VB) from varices occurs in 30% of those patients. The rate of bleeding with known varices is 12 to 15% per year and VB is only 5–11% of all gastrointestinal bleeding1,2 but it is 60–65% of bleeding episodes in cirrhotic patients. Baveno VI consensus conference3 recommended following hemodynamic resuscitation, endoscopic variceal ligation or tissue adhesive should be undergone within 12h of presentation and vasoactive drugs should be started as soon as possible, before endoscopy. Antibiotic prophylaxis is an integral part of therapy for cirrhotic patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding but it may be voided in CTP class A patients as very low risk of bacterial infection and mortality. Vasoactive drugs (terlipressin, somatostatin, octreotide) should be used in combination with endosc...

 Homoeopathic Management in a Rare Case of Tolosa Hunt Syndrome: A Case Report Tolosa Hunt Syndrome is a rare disease often characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia, and severe periorbital headaches which are usually unilateral in presentation, along with features of cranial nerve paralysis such as ptosis, diplopia, facial hypoaesthesia etc. Onset can be seen any age. Although it tagged as a benign condition, but permanent neurologic deficits may occur. Treatment may include use of glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive therapies according to the standard protocol. A female patient 32 years of age visited National Institute of Homoeopathy OPD presented with complaints of severe left sided headache throbbing in nature since four to five months associated with nausea. The attacks of headache being with very short duration with rising and falling suddenly. She had very plethoric, congestive red facies and complained of dimness of vision of the left eye and of general debility. MRI...

An Editorial overview and Perspective: Can the attenuated Omicron variant of Covid-19 virus resolve the pandemic in 2022?   The highly transmissible Omicron variant of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2021 in South Africa and has now been found to represent over 70% of current infections in the USA and other Westernized nations. Its rapid spread is likely due at least in part to its apparent ability to escape neutralizing antibodies developed from previous exposure to covid and its variant subspecies. Currently over 1.35 million new COVID-19 cases were reported in the USA on Monday Jan 10th, 2022, accounting for the highest daily total for any country in the world since the onset of the pandemic. Among those individuals recently infected with the Omicron variant are included many previously vaccinated individuals and others who have gained natural immunity having recovered from COVID-19. Although the Omicron variant has been determined to be up to five-fold more contagious tha...

 A Review of Brown Adipose Tissue Development in T2DM-SHR/N-cp (Corpulent) Rats stract Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a significant role in the expression of non-shivering thermogenesis in response to perturbations in diet and environment in man and animals. The SHR/N-cp rat is an animal model of obesity and T2DM and has been reported to exhibit an impaired thermogenic response to parameters of diet and environment. Groups of lean and obese male SHR/N-cp rats were maintained in hanging wire-bottomed steel cages and fed a nutritionally complete diet containing 54% CHO, 22% protein,16.5% mixed fats, and 4.5% essential fiber, plus vitamins, minerals, and essential micronutrients from 1 to 9 months of age. Measures of body weight were monitored and 24-hour urinary vanil mandelic acid (VMA) were determined at the end of the study. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the Interscapular BAT depots excised in their entirety for measures of adipocyte size, number, and lipid content...

 The Impact of Cardio Renal Syndrome (CRS) in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. This risk is increased fivefold in renal transplant patients when compared to an age-matched population. This study aims to explore and focus on the risk factors, management, and outcomes of cardiorenal syndrome in renal transplant recipients and to estimate its deleterious effect on the heart and renal allograft, opening the door for future randomized clinical trials to look at the problem in more depth. The current literature has little information and data on the impact of cardiorenal syndrome on the renal allograft and heart regardless of the specific type of cardiorenal syndrome. Renal transplant recipients can develop any one of the five types of the cardiorenal syndrome because of having both conventional and established risk factors for developing CRS. These risk factors particularly the estab...

Successful Endoscopic Management of Residual Choledocolithiasis in Pregnancy: A Case Report The state of pregnancy generates a series of physiological changes that increase the risk of pathologies compared to non-pregnant women. At the level of the bile duct, bile salt stasis occurs, which increases the ability to generate stones. However, most patients are asymptomatic and respond adequately to expectant management and medical therapy. The rate of complications is low, with acute cholangitis, choledocholithiasis and acute pancreatitis being the indication for invasive management in obstetric patients. We present a clinical case of an obstetric patient with a history of cholecystectomy who presented residual choledocholithiasis with a subsequent episode of acute cholangitis and obstructive jaundice that required management with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Choledocholithiasis or main bile duct stones are defined as the presence of stones in the common bile duct as a ...

 Progress of Photobiomodulation for Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with global burden. The mechanisms and therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) correspond to main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD. Numerous research results applying PBM for PD were published during the past two decades. Although several systematic review or review articles provided complete introduction, they are either mainly basic research or clinical research, and the year of the article publication is up to 2020. Comprehensive systematic review or review articles containing basic and clinical studies including those articles published in 2021 and 2022 are lacking. Hence, this systematic review aimed to include both basic and clinical studies published up to 2022. Results were obtained by retrieving articles from PubMed with the intersection of the articles derived from the terms of PBM synonyms and Parkinson’s disease followed by exclusion. Sixty-nine ar...