Lower IGFBP-1 Plasma Levels in Mothers of Autistic Children

IGF-I is an important growth factor and hormone which regulates protein turnover as well as having potent mitogenic and differentiating effects on most cell types.IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) act as carrier proteins and regulators by controlling bioavailability of IGF-I to tissues. We used immune-arrays to measure IGFBP-1in mothers of autistic children and found that the levels were significantly lower than levels in mothers of non-autistic children. IGF has been found to be decreased in autism. We suggest that these low levels are associated with low maternal IGFBP-1. Fetal growth is controlled by genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. The non-genetic elements become increasingly important in the second half of pregnancy and contribute to the natural phenomenon of maternal constraint on the size of the baby, so overriding paternal genetic influences. IGF-I is an important growth factor and hormone which regulates protein turnover as well as having potent mitogenic and differentiating effects on most cell types. In mothers whose pregnancies incur fetal growth restriction (FGR) IGF-I concentrations are greatly reduced.1 There are at least seven IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) that act not only as carrier proteins but also as regulators by controlling bioavailability of IGF-I to tissues. IGFBP-1 (synonymous with placental protein 12 and human pregnancy-associated endometrial α-1 globulin) has a molecular weight of 25 kilo Daltons and binds IGF-I to form a 34 kilo Dalton complex. This complex can cross intact endothelium and so may be involved in delivery of IGF-I to the tissues. Although in theory this could enhance IGF-I availability, IGFBP-1 inhibits IGF-I action in most in vitro systems and in blood. Several observations suggest that maternal IGFBP-1 is important in pregnancy. Concentrations usually rise rapidly in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and then remain high until delivery.2,3 Low IGFBP-1 has been associated with diabetes.4 IGFBP-1 is closely involved in carbohydrate metabolism,5 being regulated by insulin.6 In this study, we measured IGFBP-1 levels in mothers of individuals with autism and neurotypical, age and gender similar controls. We found that IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower in the maternal autistic group.

https://www.stephypublishers.com/sojpcn/pdf/SOJPCN.MS.ID.000516.pdf  


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