Cesarean Section Epidemic: Coping Strategies Adopted in Brazil | Stephy publishers

 


Pregnancy and Women’s Health Care International Journal - (PWHCIJ)| Stephy Publishers

Abstract
In this article, we discuss the strategic measures adopted in Brazil to reduce the high rates of cesarean sections. We present specific programs for both public health and supplementary health and for improving maternal and child health. We hope that these governmental initiatives, coupled with a paradigm shift in the Brazilian society regarding childbirth and women's health, will reduce cesarean section rates in the short and medium run, leading to positive outcomes for maternal and children's health and well-being.


Keywords: Cesarean section, Delivery, obstetrics, Quality health care


Introduction:
Childbirth in a hospital setting seeks to ensure safe healthcare services for women and newborns. The advancement of obstetrics has greatly contributed to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, it has increased the intervention rates for both women and newborns, which should otherwise be used in a weighted way and only in special situations. Excessive intervention fails to consider the emotional, human, and cultural aspects involved in the childbirth process. Childbirth care should go beyond the delivery and childbirth process.1 Childbirth should not be treated as a set of medical procedures, but as a physiological process, an important family and cultural event, and a unique moment between mother and baby.2 Providing quality healthcare during delivery and childbirth is vital to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The rate of cesarean sections is an important global indicator for measuring access to obstetric care. In the last decades, cesarean section rates have increased gradually in both developed and developing countries. The determinants of such growth are controversial, but it is believed that the increase is driven largely by cesarean sections without medical indication.3,4 According to Boerma and collaborators, about 29.7 million children in 2015 (or 21.1 percent of the 140.6 million live births in the world) have been birthed by cesarean section. That corresponds to a 12 percent increase of live births in 2000.5 Brazil is the second largest in the world in terms of cesarean section rates, accounting for 55.6 percent of all the live births.

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