Age at Menarche, Duration of Monthly Flow and Cycle Length as Risk Factors for Endometriosis in Sub-Sahara Black African Women | Stephy Publishers




Journal of Pregnancy and Women's Health Care| Stephy Publishers

Abstract
Introduction: Endometriosis is an enigmatic and multifaceted ailment that distresses a large number of women worldwide which may trigger pain, infertility and other discomforts such as dysmenorrhea.
Materials and Methods: Data from the medical records of 113 women with and 113 age-matched women without endometriosis were analyzed retrospectively to investigate association of three domains of menstrual characteristics – age at menarche, duration of menstrual flow and cycle length – with risk of developing endometriosis. STATA 13 statistical software was used for analysis of data.
Results: Sub-fertile women with menarche at <11 years were 1.80 times more likely to have endometriosis (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 0.51, 6.33) and had 1.29 times the risk of the disease (RR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.06) influenced by body mass index (BMI in Kg/m2 ). Women with duration of flow of 4-7 days were 2.33 times more likely to have endometriosis. Women with cycle length of ≥28 days were 1.45 times more likely to also have endometriosis. Mean egg yield at OPU from endometriotic women was significantly lower than that from women without endometriosis when age at menarche was ≥14 years (t-test=-4.44, P-value=0.00000001), when duration of flow (days) was 4-7 (t-test=-4.78, P-value=0.00000001) and when cycle length was ≥28 days (t-test=-4.35, P-value=0.00000001). The mean matured eggs (MII) was very significantly higher when age at menarche was ≥14 years (t-test=-2.59, P-value=0.006), when duration of flow was 4-7 days (t-test=2.81, P-value=0.003) and when the cycle length was ≥28 days (t-test=-2.79, P-value=0.003). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that menarche, number of days of menstrual flow and cycle length gave a significant 90% of the variation found in endometriosis (R2=0.9001, F=648.77, P-value=0.000000001). Conclusion: Menarche at age <11 years and cycle length of ≥28 days were significantly associated with and were better predictors of laparoscopic ally confirmed endometriosis. BMI influenced all of the three domains of menarche, duration of flow (days) and cycle length. Endometriotic women produced fewer oocytes but fertilization rate was not compromised.

Keywords: Endometriosis, Menstrual characteristics, Dysmenorrhea, Egg yield at ovum pick up (OPU), Sub-sahara african women, Infertility

Abbreviations: APAHAC, african, pan-african health alliance and collaborative; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; Coef., coefficient; MII, Eggs in the second phase of meiosis and are mature; NFC, nordica fertility center; OPU, ovum pickup; OR, odds ratio; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; RR, risk ratio; SSA, sub-sahara africa; Std Err, standard error; WHO, world health organization

To read more #Pregnancy and #Women’sHealthCare

#Openaccessjournals
https://www.stephypublishers.com/


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
 Lateral Rock Characteristic Evidence of Hydrocarbon Restoration from Post-Stack Impedance Inversion: A Case Study of ZED-field Offshore Niger Delta Lateral predictions of rock properties that are descriptive of a reservoir have been studied using a model-established seismic inversion approach that was used to convert input seismic data into an acoustic impedance structure to optimize hydrocarbon restoration in the field. This was actualized by integrating wireline logs and 3D post stack seismic data procured from ZED-Field offshore Niger Delta. The inversion system employed in this study comprises of forward modelling of reflection coefficients starting with a low-frequency impedance model induced from well logs and convolution of the reflection coefficients with the source wavelet extracted from the seismic input. P-impedance analysis at reservoir C5000 delineated from the control well gave a near perfect correlation of 0.998109 (≈ 99.8 %) between the original P-impedance log, in...
Read more
Image
Prediction of Ionic Liquids Methane Hydrate Average Depression Temperature via COSMO-RS COSMO-RS is a tool used to pre-screen and pair ionic liquids for gas hydrate mitigation. However, the ionic liquids properties estimated from COSMO-RS lack direct connectivity to the determination of the safety margin (hydrate depression temperature) the inhibitor can alter on the hydrate phase boundary conditions. In this study, a parametric function that relates COSMO-RS estimated ionic liquid surface area and hydrogen bonding energies to the methane hydrate average depression temperature (∆T) have been presented. The statistical model in this study was developed using multiple linear regression techniques on about 90 data samples at 10 wt.% ionic liquids. The developed model in this work accurately predicts the methane hydrate average depression temperature with standard error of 3.14 and average deviation error of 0.92. Also, the ionic liquid surface area and hydrogen bonding energy contribute t...
Read more
Image
 How to Treat Cancer Properly Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, chemotherapy is effective under some conditions, but has too heavy side effects, and it is not effective to a considerable proportion of cases while the side effects are often life-threatening, drugs (not unhealthy addictive drugs mentioned in reference four, the drug in reference four only mean those makes people addictive but does no good to health, destroying health quickly) are not always available to improve the condition. However, sport is a potential treatment that is effective to cancer before the cancer is disseminated, this gets little attention but is true both in theory and practice. The physical activities that have moderate intensity and duration should have devastating effects on cancer cells, they make the body hot and reduce the nutritional resources that cancer cells can get, also renew the proteins in the body and improve one’s mood, cancer cells are hard to live when one is activ...
Read more