The Tefroid Deposits on an Active Stratovolkano Bezymianny (Kamchatka)| Stephy Publishers

 


Global Scientific Research in Environmental Science - (GSRES) | Stephy Publishers
ISSN 2768 6124

Abstract

The article highlights the results of a study of volcanic processes on the large active stratovolcano Bezymyanny, located on the Eastern mountain range of Kamchatka, in the Klyuchevskoy group of Holocene volcanoes. It is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, characterized by continuous short-term explosive eruptions with powerful outbursts of ash material, accompanied by lava flows and the formation of extrusions. Among Russian and foreign volcanologists, this volcano became world famous on March 30, 1956, when a catastrophic eruption occurred, which in geological literature was called a "directed explosion" or "an eruption of the Bezymyanny type." In addition to volcanic structures, peculiar volcanic-sedimentary deposits of the volcano were also investigated, represented by the so-called tefroids, which are the product of the movement and washing of volcanic-clastic material of eruptions. Modern volcanological expeditions in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands have made it possible to prove not only the synchronicity of the forming tefroid accumulations with volcanism, but also the extensive distribution of these rocks, which often prevail over volcanoterrigenous sediments. In all the modern volcanic regions studied in detail, a wide development of tefroid formations has been established. By age, tefroids develop from the early Precambrian to the present day. On the slopes of the volcano and in the area of development of dry streams, there is a constant movement of fine-grained material to the foot of the volcano. These freely moving material in the process of movement are sorted by size, roundness and form well-sustained thick tefroid layers. The volcano stands half submerged in these geologically instantaneously deposited tefroid strata..

Keywords

Kamchatka, Stratovolcano bezymianny, Tefroids, Extrusion, Decompression, Pyroclasticmaterial, Eruption

Introduction

Volcano Bezymyanny is a large active stratovolcano on the Eastern mountain range of Kamchatka, 350km northeast of Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky and 40km from the village of Ust-Kamchatsk. It is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, which is characterized by continuous short-term explosive eruptions with powerful outbursts of ash material, accompanied by lava flows and the formation of extrusions.1–9 The last strong eruption occurred on March 15, 2019, when the giant threw out a column of ash more than 15km high, which was not accompanied by a catastrophic fall of ash material.

The height of the volcano is 2882m (up to 1956-3075m); the volcanic edifice includes a young active stratovolcano and the remains of an old volcano destroyed by the 1956 eruption, in the place of which a crater 1.3x2.8km in size was formed. The large volcanic Dome Novy continues to grow in the crater; on the body of this dome, as well as on the slopes of the volcano itself, many extrusive structures of various shapes and sizes (domes, large obelisks, etc.) were formed. Among Russian and foreign volcanologists, this volcano became world famous on March 30, 1956, when a catastrophic eruption occurred, which in geological literature was called a "directed explosion" or "an eruption of the Bezymyanny type".10  


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