The Tefroid Deposits on an Active Stratovolkano Bezymianny (Kamchatka)| Stephy Publishers
Global Scientific Research in Environmental Science - (GSRES) | Stephy Publishers
ISSN 2768 6124
Abstract
The article highlights
the results of a study of volcanic processes on the large active stratovolcano
Bezymyanny, located on the Eastern mountain range of Kamchatka, in the
Klyuchevskoy group of Holocene volcanoes. It is one of the most active
volcanoes in the world, characterized by continuous short-term explosive
eruptions with powerful outbursts of ash material, accompanied by lava flows
and the formation of extrusions. Among Russian and foreign volcanologists, this
volcano became world famous on March 30, 1956, when a catastrophic eruption
occurred, which in geological literature was called a "directed
explosion" or "an eruption of the Bezymyanny type." In addition
to volcanic structures, peculiar volcanic-sedimentary deposits of the volcano
were also investigated, represented by the so-called tefroids, which are the
product of the movement and washing of volcanic-clastic material of eruptions.
Modern volcanological expeditions in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands have made
it possible to prove not only the synchronicity of the forming tefroid
accumulations with volcanism, but also the extensive distribution of these
rocks, which often prevail over volcanoterrigenous sediments. In all the modern
volcanic regions studied in detail, a wide development of tefroid formations
has been established. By age, tefroids develop from the early Precambrian to
the present day. On the slopes of the volcano and in the area of development of
dry streams, there is a constant movement of fine-grained material to the foot
of the volcano. These freely moving material in the process of movement are
sorted by size, roundness and form well-sustained thick tefroid layers. The
volcano stands half submerged in these geologically instantaneously deposited
tefroid strata..
Keywords
Kamchatka,
Stratovolcano bezymianny, Tefroids, Extrusion, Decompression,
Pyroclasticmaterial, Eruption
Introduction
Volcano Bezymyanny is
a large active stratovolcano on the Eastern mountain range of Kamchatka, 350km
northeast of Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky and 40km from the village of
Ust-Kamchatsk. It is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, which is
characterized by continuous short-term explosive eruptions with powerful
outbursts of ash material, accompanied by lava flows and the formation of
extrusions.1–9 The last strong eruption occurred on
March 15, 2019, when the giant threw out a column of ash more than 15km high,
which was not accompanied by a catastrophic fall of ash material.
The height of the
volcano is 2882m (up to 1956-3075m); the volcanic edifice includes a young
active stratovolcano and the remains of an old volcano destroyed by the 1956
eruption, in the place of which a crater 1.3x2.8km in size was formed. The
large volcanic Dome Novy continues to grow in the crater; on the body of this dome,
as well as on the slopes of the volcano itself, many extrusive structures of
various shapes and sizes (domes, large obelisks, etc.) were formed. Among
Russian and foreign volcanologists, this volcano became world famous on March
30, 1956, when a catastrophic eruption occurred, which in geological literature
was called a "directed explosion" or "an eruption of the
Bezymyanny type".10
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