Determination of the Maximum Nonlethal Dose of Lidocaine and Epinephrine Based on Subcutaneous Injection in Rabbits



Background: The objective of the present study was to determine the maximum nonlethal dose of epinephrine, lidocaine, and both substances diluted in saline subcutaneously injected in rabbits. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups. The first group received a maximum dose of subcutaneous epinephrine diluted in 30mL of saline with decreasing doses of epinephrine: 10.01mg/kg, 7.25mg/kg, 5.32mg/kg, 2.51mg/kg, 1.85mg/kg, 2.8mg/kg, and 1.21mg/kg. The second group received 30mL of saline with decreasing doses of lidocaine 250, 200, 150, 125, 100, 75, and 50mg/kg, respectively. The animals were observed from 48 hours to 7 days after receiving the injection. The third group also received 30mL of saline containing a fixed dose of 0.03mg of epinephrine and the same decreasing doses of lidocaine as the second group. After receiving the injection, the animals were observed for 48 hours for adverse reactions, death, and absence of vital signs. Results: In the first group, the dose of 1.21mg/kg of epinephrine has proved to be nonlethal. In the second group, a dose of 50mg/kg of lidocaine subcutaneously injected to rabbits caused neither visible reactions nor death. Finally, in the third group, lidocaine plus epinephrine at a dose of 75mg/kg plus 0.03mg in the saline did not cause visible reactions or death. Conclusion: Lidocaine injected into the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits at a dose of 50mg/kg did not cause visible reactions or death.

https://www.stephypublishers.com/mrprs/pdf/MRPRS.MS.ID.000523.pdf

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Journal of Psychological Science and Research - (JPSSR) | Stephy Publishers

Image
  Journal of Psychological Science and Research - (JPSSR) | Stephy Publishers Journal of Psychological Science and Research is an international, peer reviewed open access journal, aims to publish articles on entire spectrum of the science of psychology. JPsSR acts as a source for the latest findings in social, developmental, cognitive, community, and health psychology, as well as behavioral neuroscience and biopsychology. The journal aims to publish high quality articles in the form of original research, review, case reports, mini-review, commentary, proceeding, editorial, etc. #Manuscriptsubmission https://www.stephypublishers.com/submit-manuscript.php More #Openaccessjournals https://www.stephypublishers.com/ # PsychologicalScience https://www.stephypublishers.com/psychological-science-and-research/
Read more
Image
 Resilience, Risk-Taking Behavior and Aggression among Female Volleyball Players – a Preliminary Study The aim of the current study is to investigate the level of risk-taking behavior, resilience and aggression in female volleyball players and the link between these psychological variables and coach’s performance ranking. A Romanian volleyball team ranked 7th out of 11 in the A1 league in the national championship (2022-2023 period) participated at the study. The Romanian adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale, The Romanian adaptation of Makarowski’s Stimulating and Instrumental Risk Questionnaire, The Romanian adaptation of Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire and Delphi method (evaluation of female volleyball players by coaches) were used. Analysis of the results reveals that athletes have a low level of perseverance (Go-Ahead factor), a low level of Foul play and a moderate to low level of assertiveness. Also, most athletes registered average or even low levels of resilience
Read more
Image
 Chemo stratigraphic Profile of a Reservoir in Well “X” of Field “Y” Offshore Southern Gabon - Stephy Publishers In a bid to evaluate the elemental and mineralogical content of reservoir samples from the “X” well in the “Y” oil field offshore Southern Gabon, analyses were performed using XRD and XRF. The log view profile of the result inferred that Na, Mg, and Calcite were absent in the shallower series of the reservoir sandstones studied, this observation implies that they are soluble ions that had eroded and refer to warm and humid paleoclimate and a depositional environment that is arid, which corresponds to the continental crust as their source. The plot of Ti and FeO+Mg discriminate the deeper series of the reservoir sandstone samples from the shallower samples. The lower series showed heavier values which implies their origin from Oceanic Crust. These are also the pre-salt facies while the shallower series were more of continental origin and represent the post-salt facies. https:
Read more