Risks of Gynecological Illnesses in Different ABO Blood Groups of Black Women with Primary or Secondary Infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Preliminary Study

Background: The aim of this investigation was twofold: first, to determine an association between types of infertility and ABO blood group and, second, to show potential risk ratios of different gynecological diseases in ABO blood groups. Method: Two hundred and fifty-one women with primary or secondary infertility who presented at a tertiary health facility in Lagos were studied retrospectively. All the cases were seen by consultant gynecologists and all had their ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor determined by standard techniques, though ABO blood group is reported in this study. Statistical methods included mean and standard deviation, χ2, risk ratios and odd ratios (95% CI). P-value was set to be significant at <0.05. Results: O blood group was dominant (n=125, 49.8%) in the study population. Women with primary infertility were significantly younger (t-test = -3.69, P-value = 0.0003) and were less likely to consume alcohol (χ² = 6.08, P-value = 0.01, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30, 0.88), smoke cigarette (χ² = 4.80, P-value = 0.03, OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.93) or take herbal tea (χ² = 0.38, P-value = 0.01, OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.51, 1.42) compared to those with secondary infertility. The identified distribution of ABO blood groups in women with primary and secondary infertility was not significantly different (χ² = 5.02, P-value = 0.17), though blood group A had the highest risk for primary infertility.

The blood group A was more predominant in women with primary infertility, while blood group O was less predominant. Overall, the highest risk ratio in blood group O, A, B and AB were adenomyosis (χ² =1.78, P-value=0.18, RR =1.58, 95% CI=1.08,2.32), endometriosis (χ² =0.47, P-value=0.49, RR =1.76, 95% CI=0.61, 5.07), uterine polyps (χ² =5.62, P-value=0.02, RR =2.32, 95% CI=1.41,3.85) and ovarian tumor (χ² =0.45, P-value=0.50, RR = 2.33, 95%CI = 0.65, 8.37). Conclusion: Women with primary infertility had a 1.29-fold increased risk in the A blood group distribution. The role of blood groups in the development of gynecological conditions among infertile Black African women remains to be determined. Identification of a link between ABO groups, infertility and other gynecological diseases could assist with diagnosis at the early stages of diseases in at- risk women.

https://www.stephypublishers.com/pwhcij/pdf/PWHCIJ.MS.ID.000514.pdf


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