Improving and addressing lymphocytes response against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with intralveolar BCG administration 


Bacillus Calmette Guerin administered by the aerosol route may locally elicit and increase T1 lymphocyte response in pulmonary alveoli, which are the main target of SARS-2-CoV-2 and its variants, thus preventing and anticipating the virus attack. This may lead to a decrease of the most severe forms of the disease considered as an acute autoimmune virus inducted disease. The lymphocyte response may start to work before and regardless of anti-CoVid vaccination.

Since November 2019 a pandemic infection due to the SARSCoV-2 virus is still expanding in the world through human-to-human transmission. It affects the respiratory tract, mainly the lungs, but in its most serious forms can also impact other major organs such as kidney, intestine, heart and brain. This infection has the following characteristics: a) It is rapidly contagious via airborne droplets containing viral particles from the mouth and nose through the larynx and the bronchi. b) It has various effects, which may range from infection without clinical manifestations to light or moderate pulmonary symptoms with spontaneous recovery, to rapidly evolving severe forms with serious respiratory insufficiency requiring forced oxygenation, with multi-organ failure and death. The characteristics of CoVid-19 pneumonia are different from those of bacterial pneumonia. c) The virus may undergo rapid changes and mutations, which are likely to increase its contagiousness and consequent lethality. d) Severe forms are more frequent in older patients or patients with pre-existing comorbidities, such as diabetes and arterial hypertension. e) In severe forms the amount of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes has been significantly reduced in comparison with lighter forms and this has been attributed to an immunological impairment whose defense might be overcome by the virus. f) In the progression of the disease from "mild" to "severe" forms, a "cytokine storm reaction", "leukocyte changes" and vascular intracoagulation9 occur and the presence of viral particles has been demonstrated in the bronchial mucosa or in the alveoli. It has been hypothesized, however, that global BCG immunization may significantly impact the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


https://www.stephypublishers.com/pwhcij/pdf/PWHCIJ.MS.ID.000510.pdf

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
 Lateral Rock Characteristic Evidence of Hydrocarbon Restoration from Post-Stack Impedance Inversion: A Case Study of ZED-field Offshore Niger Delta Lateral predictions of rock properties that are descriptive of a reservoir have been studied using a model-established seismic inversion approach that was used to convert input seismic data into an acoustic impedance structure to optimize hydrocarbon restoration in the field. This was actualized by integrating wireline logs and 3D post stack seismic data procured from ZED-Field offshore Niger Delta. The inversion system employed in this study comprises of forward modelling of reflection coefficients starting with a low-frequency impedance model induced from well logs and convolution of the reflection coefficients with the source wavelet extracted from the seismic input. P-impedance analysis at reservoir C5000 delineated from the control well gave a near perfect correlation of 0.998109 (≈ 99.8 %) between the original P-impedance log, in...
Read more
Image
Prediction of Ionic Liquids Methane Hydrate Average Depression Temperature via COSMO-RS COSMO-RS is a tool used to pre-screen and pair ionic liquids for gas hydrate mitigation. However, the ionic liquids properties estimated from COSMO-RS lack direct connectivity to the determination of the safety margin (hydrate depression temperature) the inhibitor can alter on the hydrate phase boundary conditions. In this study, a parametric function that relates COSMO-RS estimated ionic liquid surface area and hydrogen bonding energies to the methane hydrate average depression temperature (∆T) have been presented. The statistical model in this study was developed using multiple linear regression techniques on about 90 data samples at 10 wt.% ionic liquids. The developed model in this work accurately predicts the methane hydrate average depression temperature with standard error of 3.14 and average deviation error of 0.92. Also, the ionic liquid surface area and hydrogen bonding energy contribute t...
Read more
Image
 How to Treat Cancer Properly Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, chemotherapy is effective under some conditions, but has too heavy side effects, and it is not effective to a considerable proportion of cases while the side effects are often life-threatening, drugs (not unhealthy addictive drugs mentioned in reference four, the drug in reference four only mean those makes people addictive but does no good to health, destroying health quickly) are not always available to improve the condition. However, sport is a potential treatment that is effective to cancer before the cancer is disseminated, this gets little attention but is true both in theory and practice. The physical activities that have moderate intensity and duration should have devastating effects on cancer cells, they make the body hot and reduce the nutritional resources that cancer cells can get, also renew the proteins in the body and improve one’s mood, cancer cells are hard to live when one is activ...
Read more