Improving and addressing lymphocytes response against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with intralveolar BCG administration 


Bacillus Calmette Guerin administered by the aerosol route may locally elicit and increase T1 lymphocyte response in pulmonary alveoli, which are the main target of SARS-2-CoV-2 and its variants, thus preventing and anticipating the virus attack. This may lead to a decrease of the most severe forms of the disease considered as an acute autoimmune virus inducted disease. The lymphocyte response may start to work before and regardless of anti-CoVid vaccination.

Since November 2019 a pandemic infection due to the SARSCoV-2 virus is still expanding in the world through human-to-human transmission. It affects the respiratory tract, mainly the lungs, but in its most serious forms can also impact other major organs such as kidney, intestine, heart and brain. This infection has the following characteristics: a) It is rapidly contagious via airborne droplets containing viral particles from the mouth and nose through the larynx and the bronchi. b) It has various effects, which may range from infection without clinical manifestations to light or moderate pulmonary symptoms with spontaneous recovery, to rapidly evolving severe forms with serious respiratory insufficiency requiring forced oxygenation, with multi-organ failure and death. The characteristics of CoVid-19 pneumonia are different from those of bacterial pneumonia. c) The virus may undergo rapid changes and mutations, which are likely to increase its contagiousness and consequent lethality. d) Severe forms are more frequent in older patients or patients with pre-existing comorbidities, such as diabetes and arterial hypertension. e) In severe forms the amount of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes has been significantly reduced in comparison with lighter forms and this has been attributed to an immunological impairment whose defense might be overcome by the virus. f) In the progression of the disease from "mild" to "severe" forms, a "cytokine storm reaction", "leukocyte changes" and vascular intracoagulation9 occur and the presence of viral particles has been demonstrated in the bronchial mucosa or in the alveoli. It has been hypothesized, however, that global BCG immunization may significantly impact the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


https://www.stephypublishers.com/pwhcij/pdf/PWHCIJ.MS.ID.000510.pdf

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