Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud| Stephy Publishers

 


Trends in Petroleum Engineering- (TPE)| Stephy Publishers


Abstract
High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

 

Keywords: Drilling mud, Plastic viscosity, Yield point, Gel strength

Introduction
In geotechnical engineering, muds for drilling are harnessed to initiate the boring of the holes into the earth. They are called drilling mud or drilling mud and are intricate, varied muds, made up of numerous additives.1 They are used in drilling oil and gas wells, exploratory wells, and borehole of simpler forms. The mud function acts in conflicting ways to ensure a safe, economical and successful drilling. In general, a good drilling mud has minimal number of different additives that will ensure that it performs it functions effectively. Thus, the addition of additives helps in the maintenance and control of the mud properties.2 A mud system which is flexible and robust must allow for changes to be made to fulfil the dynamic requirements that may arise.

While drilling mud is flowing in a well, its flow behavior may change. This behavior is often termed the flow regime. And because of the need of hydrostatic pressure to balance abnormal pore pressures so as to prevent kick or blowout, there is the need for addition of weighting materials like barite and hematite for density of the drilling mud to increase.3 However, the consequences of weighting materials on the rheological properties (yield point, plastic viscosity, and apparent viscosity) of mud must be thoroughly studied to ensure efficient and effective drilling operation.


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