Climate Change: Threat to Agricultural System and Food Security in Africa| Stephy Publishers

 

Global Scientific Research in Environmental Science - (GSRES) | Stephy Publishers
ISSN 2768 6124



Abstract
Climate change is unequivocal and nothing hides itself from its negative repercussions. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa will continue to be impacted due to their low adaptive capacities and geographic position. Unfavourable weather trends coupled with climatic variations will have adverse effect on agricultural sector which is the main source of livelihood to rural households on the continent. This literature review article assessed the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security in Africa. The lives of several in Africa cling on agriculture as it supports majority of the population. However, since over 90 percent of agriculture system in the region depends on rainfall, livelihoods of the citizens on the continent have been hit hard due to rising temperature, erratic rainfall and extreme weather conditions.

Keywords: Adaptive capacity, Diversification, Climate Variability, Drought

 

Background
The impacts of climate change and variability pose a global threat to agricultural growth and human welfare efforts, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The continual decline in agricultural productivity coupled with food price hikes has stern repercussions for food security, especially in third world countries where there is high degree of vulnerability to climate change.1 In sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of the populace survive on climate-sensitive practices, mainly in agricultural production, changing climate and variability poses a developmental challenge.2,3 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change4 upholds climate change occurrence and has projected further change and rise in the characteristics of climate. Nearly all models agree that it will become warmer going forward, however, the extent of such warming is unpredictable. Rainfall on the other hand has been estimated to be highly inconsistent temporally and spatially.4 Global Circulation Models (GCMs) in the African region simulate great uncertainty with regards to the scale of rainfall changes. This is likely to worsen impacts on agriculture that has already triggered instability in production, reduction in crop yield and livestock productivity. This episode would consequently deteriorate hunger among millions of people globally, especially in Africa, Latin America, Small Island and some parts of Asia. This unfortunate upheaval is because of low adaptive capacity attributed to weak resource base, fragile institutions and limited technology.4 Projection of the repercussions of climate change and variability on agriculture demonstrates that in future, both production and productivity stability would fall in areas experiencing food insecurity.


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