Effect of Music Intervention on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Periodontal Surgery: A Pilot Study| Stephy Publishers
Abstract
Objective: The effect of music listening on blood
pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and anxiety level (AL) was investigated for
thirty patients undergoing periodontal surgery.
Methods: A total of sixty patients referred for
periodontal surgery were randomized into two equal groups as i) without music
(control), and ii) with music (test). Before and after the procedure, BP and HR
were recorded. All patients responded to AL assessment using facial image scale
(FIS) before and after surgery. After listening to music before and during the
procedure BP, HR and AL were assessed for the test group.
Results: Systolic BP (SBP) in both groups
increased but showed no statistically significant difference between the two
groups (p>0.05). Diastolic BP (DBP) increased after treatment with no
statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between test (4.70mmHg) and
control (6.20mmHg) groups. HR decreased after the procedure in both test and
control groups (8.40 vs. 9.03 beats per minute) with no statistically
significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). AL after the
procedure decreased in both groups but with no statistically significant
difference (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Only HR and AL decreased after music
intervention.However, no differences in BP, HR and AL were found between groups
with and without music.
This clinical trial
was registered with TCTR (Thai Clinical Trials Registry) code TCTR20190411004.
Keywords
Music, Anxiety,
Periodontal surgery, Blood pressure, Heart rate
Introduction
Anxiety when visiting
the dentist for dental treatment is ranked the 5th highest among feared
situations1 with only a small group of patients
having no anxiety in the dental environment. Researchers in the Netherlands
reported that almost 62% of patients suffer anxiety from dental treatment.2 Factors often linked to anxiety-related incidents include
personal characteristics, fear about pain, previous dental experiences, the
influence of a family member or co-worker expressing dental anxiety and
hemophobia.2‒8 Physical responses of patients with
dental anxiety include increased blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and
respiratory rate.9,10 A National Health Survey in 2012 by the
Thai Ministry of Public Health reported the occurrence of periodontitis in the
working age group at 15.6% and in the elderly at 32.1%.11 Treatment of severe periodontitis cases often requires
periodontal surgery.12
Patients were
requested to answer the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) questionnaire while waiting
for treatment. Results showed that tooth extraction, periodontal surgery and
scaling caused significant dental anxiety,13 while 12.1% of
patients referred for periodontal treatment reported extreme anxiety. Main
reasons were given as fear of pain and poor dental treatment experience.
Patients with high anxiety before periodontal surgery have usually experienced
more pain than those with low anxiety levels.14 Effective management of dental anxiety includes
dentist-patient communication, relaxation therapy and conscious sedation
(inhalation of nitrous oxide or anxiolytic agents such as diazepam). There are
potential side effects of medications. Patients with extreme anxiety may
require general anesthesia.15 Patients with dental anxiety often prefer
other relaxation methods rather than taking medication to reduce any possible
side effects.16
Music helps to relieve
stress and anxiety by its calming effect on both the nervous system and the
host immune system due to several underlying mechanisms which include 1)
autonomic nervous responses by suppressive action on the sympathetic nervous
system, leading to decreased adrenergic activity and neuromuscular arousal, and
2) by triggering the limbic system to release endorphins.17 The level of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) as a
patient stress marker reduced while listening to music during dental treatment.18 Appropriate music rhythm for relaxation was determined as
70-80 beats per minute.19 Meyer LB reported that music used for
relaxation which related to the culture of the listener had a greater effect
than music that lacked familiarity.20 Using headphones
to listen to music during medical treatment increased anxiety because the
patient could not hear instructions or information from the treatment providers.21 Using relaxing music with a slow tempo, no lyrics and
instrumentation using strings, woodwind and piano is recommended in dental
practices.
To read more #Dental #OralDisorder
https://www.stephypublishers.com/sojdod/fulltext/SOJDOD.MS.ID.000503.php
More #openaccessjournals
https://www.stephypublishers.com/
Abstract
Objective: The effect of music listening on blood
pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and anxiety level (AL) was investigated for
thirty patients undergoing periodontal surgery.
Methods: A total of sixty patients referred for
periodontal surgery were randomized into two equal groups as i) without music
(control), and ii) with music (test). Before and after the procedure, BP and HR
were recorded. All patients responded to AL assessment using facial image scale
(FIS) before and after surgery. After listening to music before and during the
procedure BP, HR and AL were assessed for the test group.
Results: Systolic BP (SBP) in both groups
increased but showed no statistically significant difference between the two
groups (p>0.05). Diastolic BP (DBP) increased after treatment with no
statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between test (4.70mmHg) and
control (6.20mmHg) groups. HR decreased after the procedure in both test and
control groups (8.40 vs. 9.03 beats per minute) with no statistically
significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). AL after the
procedure decreased in both groups but with no statistically significant
difference (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Only HR and AL decreased after music
intervention.However, no differences in BP, HR and AL were found between groups
with and without music.
This clinical trial
was registered with TCTR (Thai Clinical Trials Registry) code TCTR20190411004.
Keywords
Music, Anxiety,
Periodontal surgery, Blood pressure, Heart rate
Introduction
Anxiety when visiting
the dentist for dental treatment is ranked the 5th highest among feared
situations1 with only a small group of patients
having no anxiety in the dental environment. Researchers in the Netherlands
reported that almost 62% of patients suffer anxiety from dental treatment.2 Factors often linked to anxiety-related incidents include
personal characteristics, fear about pain, previous dental experiences, the
influence of a family member or co-worker expressing dental anxiety and
hemophobia.2‒8 Physical responses of patients with
dental anxiety include increased blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and
respiratory rate.9,10 A National Health Survey in 2012 by the
Thai Ministry of Public Health reported the occurrence of periodontitis in the
working age group at 15.6% and in the elderly at 32.1%.11 Treatment of severe periodontitis cases often requires
periodontal surgery.12
Patients were
requested to answer the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) questionnaire while waiting
for treatment. Results showed that tooth extraction, periodontal surgery and
scaling caused significant dental anxiety,13 while 12.1% of
patients referred for periodontal treatment reported extreme anxiety. Main
reasons were given as fear of pain and poor dental treatment experience.
Patients with high anxiety before periodontal surgery have usually experienced
more pain than those with low anxiety levels.14 Effective management of dental anxiety includes
dentist-patient communication, relaxation therapy and conscious sedation
(inhalation of nitrous oxide or anxiolytic agents such as diazepam). There are
potential side effects of medications. Patients with extreme anxiety may
require general anesthesia.15 Patients with dental anxiety often prefer
other relaxation methods rather than taking medication to reduce any possible
side effects.16
Music helps to relieve
stress and anxiety by its calming effect on both the nervous system and the
host immune system due to several underlying mechanisms which include 1)
autonomic nervous responses by suppressive action on the sympathetic nervous
system, leading to decreased adrenergic activity and neuromuscular arousal, and
2) by triggering the limbic system to release endorphins.17 The level of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) as a
patient stress marker reduced while listening to music during dental treatment.18 Appropriate music rhythm for relaxation was determined as
70-80 beats per minute.19 Meyer LB reported that music used for
relaxation which related to the culture of the listener had a greater effect
than music that lacked familiarity.20 Using headphones
to listen to music during medical treatment increased anxiety because the
patient could not hear instructions or information from the treatment providers.21 Using relaxing music with a slow tempo, no lyrics and
instrumentation using strings, woodwind and piano is recommended in dental
practices.
To read more #Dental #OralDisorder
https://www.stephypublishers.com/sojdod/fulltext/SOJDOD.MS.ID.000503.php
More #openaccessjournals
https://www.stephypublishers.com/
Comments
Post a Comment