Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease: it’s Therapeutics| Stephy Publishers

 


SOJ Neurology and Neuroscience - (SOJNN)| Stephy Publishers

Abstract

Background:Dementia is a cognitive degenerative disease generally associated with Alzheimer disease, but victims with Parkinson’s disease also develops dementia at the latter stage. Dementia associates with irreversible loss of memory, and no medicinal cure is yet available. We here put some light on possible cell therapy for dementia.

Aim: Neural stem cells are multipotent cells which are capable of self-replication and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. They produce Dopamine, neural factors, and therefore, one can expect that NSC transplantation can ultimately provide a better therapeutic approach in the treatment of dementia as well as Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods: We discussed the merits and demerits of using hNSCs cells over other possible candidate cells.

Results: As we found that hNSCs can secrete Dopamine as well as some neurotropic factors, like Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and Glial cell-Derived Neurotropic Factors (GDNF) which can support the proliferation of hNSCS and its Dopamine production ability, hNSCs can supply dopamine and also can stop α-synuclein aggregation.

Conclusion: hNSCs, therefore, could be a better cell regiment for cell transplantation therapy for dementia as well as PD.

Keywords

Dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Dopamine, Human neural cells (hNSCs), α-synuclein

Running Title

Possible therapies for dementia in PD

Introduction

Dementia is a broad term that stands for an irreversible loss of thinking ability, memory, and other mental capabilities. The cause is still unknown, but believed to be due to aging, loss of neural cells due to some neurotoxic agents, external brain injury, etc. However, Dementia/Alzheimer Disease is still considered as an idiopathic disease, like Parkinson’s Disease (PD).1,2

In fact, Dementia is not a disease, rather a group of symptoms caused by various conditions. Dementia generally associated with Alzheimer patient, but also found with PD, where the motor neuron defects, slow muscle movements, posture defects are the main classic symptoms.3 The scanty supply of Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, due to the loss of DA-ergic neural cells in the substantia nigra (SN), causes the development of PD4. The less availability of Dopamine in the Hippocampus region, the center of learning and memory in the brain, can also cause the damage of the brain cells there, and develops dementia.5


 

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