Cocoiculture and Society: an Integrative Review on the Biological Effects of Coconut Oil on Human Health| Stephy Publishers

 



Clinical and Medical Research| Stephy Publishers

Introduction
The coconut tree (palm) Cocos nucifera L. is a monocot of tropical regions belonging to the Palmae family and to the subfamily Arecoideae, with solitary herbs, fibrous and robust trunks, overlapping stems and which can grow up to 25 m in height. Such characteristics are attributed to the coconut tree, which in turn, originates in Southeast Asia, on islands located between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It has more than 300 ecotypes and two main varieties: Typica (giant coconut tree) and Nana (dwarf coconut tree).1‒4 The coconut tree is widespread in practically all continents and is distributed in more than 200 different countries, with its predominant geographic incidence between the parallels 23° N and 23° S. It is considered a plant with several functionalities, considering the plurality of products that can be explored. This fact led to its recognition as a vital plant resource for all of humanity, giving it the title of the most economically important palm worldwide.5 Currently, the global area of coconut planting reaches about 12 million hectares, producing approximately 61.1 million tons. The main world producers are Indonesia, the Philippines and India, which hold 72.4% of the area and 72.5% of the world production. Brazil is in the fourth placement with only 2.6% of cultivated area, but, on the other hand, participates with 15.3% of world production. This in dex is explained by the technology used in the culture, such as the conduction and management of coconut trees, intensive cultivation systems and improved dwarf and hybrid varieties. Currently, the country has about 280 thousand hectares cultivated with coconut, distributed in almost all the national territory with production of close to two billion fruits.

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